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Quantum Free Energy -- Lesson #1LESSON # I By Dr. Kiril Chukanov
Before starting work on this problem you must be willing to
think outside the box of university education -- to be very “open-minded” to
ideas which differ considerably from the currently accepted scientific dogmas. ·
Ball Lightning is not Plasma; ·
Quantum Free Energy is not “bond energy” ( chemical or
nuclear); ·
Ball Lightning is a Two-dimensional Macro Quantum Unit; ·
Quantum Free Energy violates the Law of Energy Conservation in
some particular quantum conditions; ·
Quantum Free Energy is not Zero Point Energy; ·
What is discussed here regarding ball lightning and quantum free
energy sometimes goes contrary to what plasma and nuclear scientists are
accustomed to in their training and experience.
Therefore, they might tend to dismiss these concepts that are new to
them. Figure I shows the scheme of the
QFE experimental set-up used by myself for some QFE experiments.
Legend:
Model CRC21T2 Note: you can use any other
industrial microwave oven which assures at least 2000 W input microwave power. 2 – microwave cavity Transformer is needed to produce a
“suitable” electrical current of “excitement”.
For comparative experiments you
need to also have a small power high voltage transformer (gas tube sign power
supply, for example):
11 – vacuum meter 12 – digital thermometer - ΔT
≤ 0.01 8C; Experiment # 1 (according to
Figure I) Working gas – air Quartz container as shown on
Figure II, and Photos1 & 2.
Photo 1
Photo 2
On Figure III are shown the terminals of the quartz containers.
Photo 3
Photo 4
Photo 5 Steps of the experiments: ·
Creating vacuum in the quartz container (as high as you can ) ·
Run the cooling system ·
Run the microwave power Glow discharge appears (regular
plasma – pink color). See Photos 6
& 7. You can maintain this plasma state during several minutes until the
temperature of the outgoing cooling gas (air) becomes constant – T1.
Photo 6
Photo 7 Prior to the
experiment #1, a plot of “temperature-energy” must be built. See Figure IV.
Fig. IV. As a power supply
you can use a 5 kW gas generator (you can vary the voltage in order to have
different input power), or another power supply. For input
microwave power, Pin ~ 2100
W, the plasma formation (low vacuum) shines like a 15-20 W light bulb. The
estimated total power of the emitted light photons is:
Plight,1 ~ (2-3)% x (15-20) W ~ 0.3-0.6 W 1.
Almost the total amount of the input microwave energy is
dissipated into heat. The temperature of the plasma formation is given as:
Where,
T
– absolute temperature of the absolute “black body”;
K
– Boltzman constant. For red color plasma (
Sun, for example, radiates mostly in the yellow spectrum:
The “Stephan- Boltzman”
formula for energy radiation (absolute “black body”) is: Prad = σ x T4,
W/m2 Where,
σ - constant, σ
= 5.7 x 10-8, W/m2 x K4; Of course, our plasma is not an
“absolute black body.” For relative comparison, however, the above formula
is good enough. ·
The next step is to slowly increase the gas pressure in the quartz
container. You can see that
for higher pressures (around “-30-40 kPa”) something very unusual happens:
the glow discharge is transformed into a compact body – ball lightning. In
your set-up you can increase the gas pressure up to 1 atm. You can see that the
higher the gas-pressure, the brighter the ball lightning (for the same input
microwave power). Make sure that
tungsten electrodes touch only the ball lightning electron shell. [*need to
answer question “what happens if they penetrate?”] See Figure V.
Fig. V.
Photo 8 shows tungsten rod.
Photo
8 You can maintain
ball lightning in this “unexcited” state as long as you want (hours, days
…). Tungsten electrodes are not destroyed because “quantum” electrons are
still not activated. The ball
lightning electron shell (yellow color) and the b.l. nucleus (white-blue sky
color) are perfectly visible and distinguished from one another – you see a
giant macro-atom. The measured
temperature of the cooling gas (air) is a little bit higher than the temperature
of the cooling gas in the previous experiment (glow discharge plasma): T2
≥ T1 The “over-unity” power is
very little in this “unexcited” state. [*you are getting ahead of yourself
here in that you have not yet described how to measure output power compared to
input power, nor have you shown why your premises are true in such
measurements.] The amount of
“free” energy transferred from “quantum” electrons to the “standard”
(“free” electrons, ions) substance depends strongly on the density of this
substance: the higher this density – the higher the amount of “free”
energy transfer derived – and the higher the “over-unity” achieved.
If you can build
a set-up where the gas pressure can be raised much above 1 atm, then you can see
that ball lightning “under pressure” is much brighter than the ball
lightning under 1 atm. For gas
pressure around 20-30 atm you can observe a few hundred watts “over-unity”
radiation for the same input power. The estimated temperature of the
b.l. nucleus (white – blue color) is:
If considered as “absolute
black body”, the b.l. nucleus must radiate:
Pred = σ x (104)4
Figure VI shows the graphic model
of ball lightning.
Fig. VI. ·
Next step represents the “cream” of the experiment –
excitement of ball lightning. As we see from
the above considerations, the amount of “over-unity” (free energy going with
light photons) for “non-excited” ball lightning is small – 2-3 W. [You have not given any
data or explanations of how to derive data as a basis of how to conclude “over
unity”.] On the other
hand, a plasma body with temperature 8,100 8K
[do mean ºK?] must produce 8 times more heat than plasma heated at 4,600 8K.
In fact, we don’t observe such dramatic increase of heat.
The heat in both cases is almost the same. [do you mean “externally
measured”? versus “internally measured”?
this doesn’t make sense. 8,100
ºK is 8,100 ºK, and 4,600 ºK is 4,600 ºK, and these two are very different.
What do you mean they are almost the same?] That means that the cause of
increased radiation of photons is not the temperature of ball lightning. The
real cause is the “quantum free energy”. Here starts the
great insight about the double nature of “quantum” electrons. Here is the
edge between contemporary quantum physics and GQM [GQM = ?]. As mentioned in my
last book (GQM, volume III), in the
“non-excited” ball lightning (giant macro-atom) “quantum” electrons
represent “quantum closed two-dimensional contours.” See Figure VII.
Fig. VII. “Indefinite”
quantum electrons can acquire an individual face if some external action is
applied to the b.l. electron shell. An external electrical current can be this
“excitement” factor. Case one – “Zero-experiment” (see Figure VIII)
If you apply an
electrical current to the regular plasma (low gas pressure) from transformer
TRI, a simple arc discharge appears between both tungsten electrodes. Nothing
special happens. The effect of this external electrical current is LOCAL – in
the zone between both electrodes. The visible shining of this local arc
discharge is very weak (2-3 W). Tungsten electrodes are not destroyed no matter
how long the duration of this experiment lasts. Case two – “non-excited” ball lightning (see Figure IX) You increase the
gas pressure up to 1 atm – regular plasma is transformed into ball lightning.
If an electrical current is applied to the ball lightning from transformer TRII,
a normal local discharge appears between both electrodes. Again nothing special
happens. Very little power shining is coming from this local arc discharge.
There is no destruction of the tungsten electrodes. Obviously “quantum” electrons
are still not involved as carriers of electrical current. Why? The answer of
this question is mostly philosophical. In explaining the quantum phenomenon,
Philosophy plays a more important role than Mathematics. [*Do you finish this
thought? It doesn’t seem like you
do.] This fact is ignored (or unknown) by contemporary physics.
Fig. IX.
Photo 9
Photo 10
Photo 11 As well known,
electrical charges are the carriers of the electrical current. In the zone of
the b.l. electron shell there is some amount of “free” electrons (not
connected with ball lightning) and some amount of “quantum” electrons
(connected with ball lightning). If a small el. current is applied to the B.L.
electron shell, then the whole electrical energy is carried only by the “free”
electrons. Why? Because there exists in Nature a fundamental Principle of
Economy. This principle limits the effect of the violation of the Law of Energy
Conservation to a minimum. If the whole electrical energy can be carried by the
“free” electrons (there is no “over-unity”), then Mother Nature involves
in the game only the “free” electrons. We don’t observe any additional
(extra) photon radiation. The effect
of “free’ energy production (“over-unity”) is minimum – zero in this
case. The effect is local. Case three – “excited” ball lightning (TRI). (see Figure X) If a stronger
electrical current is applied to the B.L. electron shell (from TRI), then
something very unusual happens. The
whole surface of ball lightning starts to shine very intensely (comparable to a
10-12 KW light bulb). The intensity of light radiation can be estimated by the
help of “photometer” (you compare the intensity of light coming from ball
lightning with the intensity of light coming from halogen bulbs located at the
same place). [*Question to be
addressed. Should the experimenter
be wearing protective eyewear, e.g. welding goggles?]
Fig. X.
Photo 12
Photo 13 In this case (I
> 2 Amps) some of the “quantum” electrons are involved as carriers of
electrical current (“free” electrons are not enough in number to carry all
of the electrical energy). The higher the applied electrical current is – the
more “quantum” electrons are involved – the greater the “over-unity.”
The measurement of ultraviolet radiation shows a dramatic increase of this
radiation. Some soft X-rays start to appear. [*Question: should the experimenter
be wearing protective lead aprons?] After
disconnecting the excitement, the ball lightning continues to radiate quantum
free energy with almost the same power for an additional 20-30 sec. See Photo
14.
Photo 14 The effect of
this external influence is NOT LOCAL any more –it affects the whole surface of
the ball lightning. Why? Because ball lightning is a “quantum macro-unit.”
See Figure XI.
Fig. XI.
Note: the input “excitement” power is the same as in the case two! If you touch ball
lightning in some geometric point A, you in fact touch all geometric points on
this quantum surface “a
“. In applying an electrical current between two geometrical pointes (both
tungsten electrodes) on this surface, you, in fact, are applying this current on
the whole quantum surface. Unlike “free”
electrons, “quantum” electrons are extremely energetic. Within a short
period of time (few seconds) “quantum” electrodes destroy the tungsten
electrodes. You must turn off the microwave power and the “excitement”
electrical current because the internal surface of the quartz container is
covered by a tiny layer of tungsten. This metal layer shields the penetration of
the microwave field into the quartz container, shortly after the beginning of
the “excitement,” and the ball lightning disappears. The tungsten layer can
be removed by the help of 2-4 % hydrofluoric acid in a bath for about 3-4 hours.
The estimated “over-unity”
radiation is: Prad ~ (2-3)% x Pvisible
light ~ (2-3/100) x 12,000 W = (240-360) W The power of
ultraviolet “free “energy radiation is difficult (for me) to estimate. In parallel you
can measure the temperature of cooling gas – T3. This temperature is a little bit higher. The “over-unity”
effect is mostly in the form of photon radiation. And do not forget
again – the input microwave power is the same. Both the input microwave energy
and the energy of “excitement” current are totally dissipated into heat. As you see, there
is no need in long-time measurements; the effect of “over-unity” is so clear
and so convincing. [*I don’t see the clarity.
It seems to me that what could be going on is that in the unexcited state
you are at a 20% efficient conversion of energy, and in the excited state you
are at 80% -- e.g. 4x as much, but that is not over unity – more energy out
than you put in. You need to address
the question, even if just theoretically/conjecturally, “where is the new
energy coming from?] How big is the
input power of the “excitement” current? The current of “excitement goes
through already created (by the microwave field) plasma (in the zone of b.l.
electron shell). As it is well known, the formulas of electrodynamics are true
only for solid and liquid states of matter.
Where, I
– electrical current, Amps;
U – voltage, volts;
R
– el. resistance, Ω;
P
– power, W; For plasma
created by an external source of ionization (microwave field in this case) you
cannot expect precise results in using the above formula.
Fig. XII. In Figure XII is
shown the path of the applied current of “excitement” – around the b.l.
nucleus. Electrical current cannot go through the b.l. nucleus! Electrical resistance of the
air-plasma located in the zone of the b.l. electron shell is very small. R
≥ 0 The measured (in
the described above experiment) value of I
is: I
~ 4 Amps This current is
big enough to involve some “quantum” electrons in the game – ball
lightning starts to shine very intensively. The difference of
electrical potentials (measured by voltmeter) is very small – almost
undetectable. See Figure XIII.
Fig. XIII.
Most likely this
[which?] value is much smaller. The whole power
of “excitement” is dissipated as heat in the plasma. The comparison of the temperatures
of the “zero experiment” (only plasma) and the temperature in the experiment
with “excited” ball lightning (the same input microwave power an the same
power of excitement) shows that “excited” ball lightning produces slightly
more output heat power (going with cooling gas). The effect of “excitement” for
both cases (regular plasma and ball lightning), however, is very, very
different, for the same input powers! Because of very
small electrical resistance of plasma in the zone of b.l. electron shell, there
exists a state of “shortage” in the secondary coil of the transformer TRI.
This coil is heated up very quickly. Obviously
technology with direct excitement of ball lightning (electrodes touching the
surface of ball lightning) is not good for practical use. Because of very fast
destruction (by extremely energetic “quantum” electrons) of the tungsten
electrodes and very quick excessive heating of the secondary coil of the
transformer TRI, we must stop the process a few seconds after its beginning. In order to avoid
this technological inconvenience, we can use a “non-contact” method of
electrical “excitement” – with electromagnets. Another method of
“excitement” is to use an external dense flow of low energy electrons shot
into ball lightning from an electron gun. My
guess is that this method of excitement will probably be shown to be the most
feasible for practical use. Be
tuned for next lesson!
See alsoPage composed by Sterling
D. Allan Sept. 17, 2005 |
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Fig. VIII.
